Double Cage Sprag Type Freewheels
Double cage freewheels have been available for the industrial machine construction for more than 20 years. Nevertheless, the primary application for this type of unit being the automotive transmissions, their design and availability were dictated by the needs of this market. The use for industrial machines meant to accept their characteristics as they are.
STIEBER produce now an adaptable line designed for the industrial machinery and its specifics needs.
The name freewheels designates mechanical single direction automatic clutches or brakes designed for overrunning, backstopping or indexing applications.
They are composed of an inner and an outer member (races) that can be indifferently input or output. Between these races are located clamping elements, that according to the direction of rotation insure torque transmission or release in overrunning.
Several technologies are available on the market, the most known being the roller/ramp and the sprag designs.
The double cage freewheel uses shaped sprags as clamping elements. With a height of 9 mm, they are located in two steel concentric cages. A ribbon spring with individual tongues acting on each of the sprags provides for their energisation.
This double cage technology, insures a synchronisation of all the sprags for a good load sharing, backed up by the individual sprag energisation.
An effect of the spring action is that the cage rotates with the outer race. In overrunning condition, the relative motion takes place between the inner race and the sprags. When the working conditions may cause the cage assembly to slip within the outer race, additional friction springs called clips and secured on the outside of the outer cage reinforce the connection.. 3 to 6 clips are generally sufficient., but it is always possible to increase the number when necessary.
This cage is generally sold as such, without inner or outer races. It can be mounted in the machine parts, running directly on a case hardened shaft and located inside a gear wheel for example.
These double cage freewheels were originally designed for use as lock up clutches in automotive torque converters and overrunning clutches in automatic gear boxes... These applications feature good concentricity, high overrunning speeds and lubrication with ATF oils. The requested life time does not exceed 2000 hours.
Other sizes than the ones currently available were not possible to manufacture. Any size could rapidly become obsolete if the main automotive application that supported it was fading out.
In case of industrial applications, the overrunning speeds are generally not so high, but the requested life time much longer.
In addition, it is not always possible to provide for the best concentricity and the range of lubricants employed oil or grease may be vast. Applied torque may have dynamic variations that are not always clearly evaluated.
STIEBER with their DC type want to offer the users a double cage type freewheel that answers better the needs of the machine construction. The present results are as follows:
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Tests have shown that the present STIEBER unit is able to work as a backstop in gear reducers using the standard gear oils.
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It is possible to increase considerably the overrunning life time by using the "Formchrome" sprag treatment. Overrunning tests have shown life time increases up to 4 times outscoring all other methods to increase sprag type freewheel life time.
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STIEBER DC cage is available in all the original imperial dimensions, but models with a metric outside diameter are also available. This dimension matches the one of current bearings and allows a plain outer race path cheaper to manufacture.
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As long as we can use the standard sprag, any dimension can be manufactured in quantities as small as 25 to 50 pieces according to the size. This flexibility of manufacture may be convenient as much for new applications as to obtain replacement for designations considered as obsolete.
As an evolutive product STIEBER will actively use their experience to continuously improve the design and adapt it to the industrial machine construction needs.
Plans are to improve the sprag fatigue resistance, to allow the use of gear oils in a wider spectrum of applications and authorise larger run-out mounting tolerances.
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